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itemprop="post" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><meta itemprop="name" content="ansible自动部署 | 随言碎语"><meta itemprop="description" content=""></span><header class="post-header"><h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">ansible自动部署</h1><div class="post-meta-container"><div class="post-meta"><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-calendar"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span> <time title="创建时间：2021-03-10 19:56:34" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2021-03-10T19:56:34+08:00">2021-03-10</time> </span><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-calendar-check"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">更新于</span> <time title="修改时间：2023-05-02 22:25:36" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-05-02T22:25:36+08:00">2023-05-02</time> </span><span class="post-meta-item" title="阅读次数" id="busuanzi_container_page_pv"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-eye"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读次数：</span> <span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span> </span><span class="post-meta-break"></span> <span class="post-meta-item" title="本文字数"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-file-word"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">本文字数：</span> <span>3.6k</span> </span><span class="post-meta-item" title="阅读时长"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-clock"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读时长 ≈</span> <span>7 分钟</span></span></div></div></header><div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><p>Ansible是一种IT自动化工具。它可以配置系统，部署软件以及协调更高级的IT任务，例如持续部署，滚动更新。Ansible适用于管理企业IT基础设施，从具有少数主机的小规模到数千个实例的企业环境。Ansible也是一种简单的自动化语言，可以完美地描述IT应用程序基础结构。</p><span id="more"></span><h2 id="1-简介">1.简介</h2><ol><li><p>Ansible可以同时管理Redhat系的Linux，Debian系的Linux，以及Windows主机。管理节点只在执行脚本时与远程主机连接，没有特别的同步机制，所以断电等异常一般不会影响ansbile。</p></li><li><p>ansible 基于Python开发，集合了众多运维工具（puppet、cfengine、chef、func、fabric）的优点，实现了批量系统配置、批量程序部署、批量运行命令等功能。ansible是基于模块工作的，本身没有批量部署的能力。真正具有批量部署的是ansible所运行的模块，ansible只是提供一种框架。主要包括：</p><ul><li>连接插件connection plugins：负责和被监控端实现通信；</li><li>host inventory：指定操作的主机，是一个配置文件里面定义监控的主机；</li><li>各种模块核心模块、command模块、自定义模块；</li><li>借助于插件完成记录日志邮件等功能；</li><li>playbook：剧本执行多个任务时，非必需可以让节点一次性运行多个任务。</li></ul></li><li><p>示意图</p><p><img src="https://halliday.oss-cn-nanjing.aliyuncs.com/image-20230427145616259.png" alt="image-20230427145616259"></p></li></ol><h2 id="2-安装与使用">2.安装与使用</h2><ol><li>环境</li></ol><table><thead><tr><th>服务</th><th>主机名称</th><th>IP地址</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>服务端</td><td>master</td><td>192.168.2.3</td></tr><tr><td>客户端</td><td>node1</td><td>192.168.2.4</td></tr><tr><td>客户端</td><td>node2</td><td>192.168.2.5</td></tr></tbody></table><ol start="2"><li><p>服务端安装ansible</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">yum install -y epel-release</span><br><span class="line">yum install ansible -y</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">//查看ansible的版本</span><br><span class="line">ansible --version</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">yum install -y tree</span><br><span class="line">tree /etc/ansible/</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>配置公私钥</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"> ssh-keygen -t rsa</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> 将生成的公钥发给所有机器，包括自己</span><br><span class="line"> ssh-copy-id root@192.168.2.3</span><br><span class="line"> ssh-copy-id root@192.168.2.4</span><br><span class="line"> ssh-copy-id root@192.168.2.5</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> ---这样的话从3访问4和5就都不要输入密码了</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">4. 配置hosts文件</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> ```shell</span><br><span class="line"> vim /etc/ansible/hosts</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> [webserver]</span><br><span class="line"> 192.168.2.4</span><br><span class="line"> 192.168.2.5</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>主机连通测试</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ansible webserver -m ping</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[root@c1 ~]# ansible webserver -m ping</span><br><span class="line">192.168.2.4 | SUCCESS => {</span><br><span class="line"> "changed": false, </span><br><span class="line"> "ping": "pong"</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">192.168.2.4 | SUCCESS => {</span><br><span class="line"> "changed": false, </span><br><span class="line"> "ping": "pong"</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>常用命令</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ansible-doc -l #查看支持的模块</span><br><span class="line">ansible-doc -s MODEL_NAME #查看模块用法</span><br><span class="line">ansible命令应用基础</span><br><span class="line">ansible <host-pattern> [options]</span><br><span class="line">-f fork:启动并发 线程数</span><br><span class="line">-m model_name:要使用的模块</span><br><span class="line">-a args:特有的参数</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">ansible all -m ping #查看client端是否正常ping通</span><br><span class="line">ansible webserver -m setup #查看客户端信息</span><br><span class="line">ansible webserver -m copy -a 'src=/root/git_test/code.txt dest=/root/test' #copy文件到client端</span><br><span class="line">ansible webserver -m user -a "name=test state=present" #创建test用户</span><br><span class="line">ansible webserver -m user -a "name=test state=absent" #删除test用户</span><br><span class="line">ansible webserver -m yum -a 'name=epel-relese state=latest' #yum安装</span><br><span class="line">ansible webserver -m systemd -a 'name=httpd state=stopped enabled=no' #停止httpd服务</span><br><span class="line">ansible webserver -m script -a '/tmp/test,sh' #运行脚本</span><br><span class="line">ansible webserver -m command 'date' #查看时间</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="3-playbook">3. playbook</h2><ul><li>执行一些简单的任务，使用ad-hoc命令可以方便的解决问题，但是有时一个设施过于复杂，需要大量的操作的时候，执行的ad-hoc命令是不合适的，这时候最好使用playbook。</li><li>就像执行shell命令与写shell脚本一样，也可以理解为批处理任务，不过playbook有自己的语法格式</li><li>使用playbook可以方便的重复使用这些代码，可以移植到不同的机器上面，像函数一样，最大化的利用代码。在你使用Ansible的过程中，你也会发现，你所处理的大部分操作都是编写playbook。可以把常见的应用都编写playbook，之后管理服务器会变得很简单。</li></ul></li></ol><p>例如一个安装并运行nginx的任务:</p><figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">---</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bullet">-</span> <span class="attr">hosts:</span> <span class="string">web</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">remote_user:</span> <span class="string">root</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">tasks:</span></span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="bullet">-</span> <span class="attr">name:</span> <span class="string">install</span> <span class="string">nginx</span> <span class="comment">##安装模块，需要在被控主机里加上nginx的源</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">yum:</span> <span class="string">name=nginx</span> <span class="string">state=present</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="bullet">-</span> <span class="attr">name:</span> <span class="string">copy</span> <span class="string">nginx.conf</span> <span class="comment">##复制nginx的配置文件过去，需要在本机的/tmp目录下编辑nginx.conf</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">copy:</span> <span class="string">src=/tmp/nginx.conf</span> <span class="string">dest=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf</span> <span class="string">backup=yes</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">notify:</span> <span class="string">reload</span> <span class="comment">#当nginx.conf发生改变时，通知给相应的handlers</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">tags:</span> <span class="string">reloadnginx</span> <span class="comment">#打标签</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="bullet">-</span> <span class="attr">name:</span> <span class="string">start</span> <span class="string">nginx</span> <span class="string">service</span> <span class="comment">#服务启动模块</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">service:</span> <span class="string">name=nginx</span> <span class="string">state=started</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">tags:</span> <span class="string">startnginx</span> <span class="comment">#打标签</span></span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">handlers：</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="bullet">-</span> <span class="attr">name:</span> <span class="string">reload</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">service:</span> <span class="string">name=nginx</span> <span class="string">state=restarted</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>运行</p><figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[<span class="string">root@ansible</span> <span class="string">ansible</span>]<span class="comment"># ansible-playbook nginx.yml </span></span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">PLAY</span> [<span class="string">web</span>] <span class="string">*********************************************************************</span></span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">TASK</span> [<span class="string">Gathering</span> <span class="string">Facts</span>] <span class="string">*********************************************************</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">ok:</span> [<span class="number">192.168</span><span class="number">.2</span><span class="number">.3</span>]</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">TASK</span> [<span class="string">install</span> <span class="string">nginx</span>] <span class="string">***********************************************************</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">changed:</span> [<span class="number">192.168</span><span class="number">.2</span><span class="number">.3</span>]</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">TASK</span> [<span class="string">copy</span> <span class="string">nginx.conf</span>] <span class="string">*********************************************************</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">ok:</span> [<span class="number">192.168</span><span class="number">.2</span><span class="number">.3</span>]</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">TASK</span> [<span class="string">start</span> <span class="string">nginx</span> <span class="string">service</span>] <span class="string">*****************************************************</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">changed:</span> [<span class="number">192.168</span><span class="number">.2</span><span class="number">.3</span>]</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">PLAY</span> <span class="string">RECAP</span> <span class="string">*********************************************************************</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">192.168.2.3 :</span> <span class="string">ok=4</span> <span class="string">changed=2</span> <span class="string">unreachable=0</span> <span class="string">failed=0</span> <span class="string">skipped=0</span> <span class="string">rescued=0</span> <span class="string">ignored=0</span> </span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">##查看被控主机上的nginx服务</span></span><br><span class="line">[<span class="string">root@ansible</span> <span class="string">ansible</span>]<span class="comment"># ansible web -m shell -a 'netstat -natp | grep nginx'</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">192.168</span><span class="number">.2</span><span class="number">.3</span> <span class="string">|</span> <span class="string">CHANGED</span> <span class="string">|</span> <span class="string">rc=0</span> <span class="string">>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">tcp</span> <span class="number">0</span> <span class="number">0</span> <span class="number">0.0</span><span class="number">.0</span><span class="number">.0</span><span class="string">:80</span> <span class="number">0.0</span><span class="number">.0</span><span class="number">.0</span><span class="string">:*</span> <span class="attr">LISTEN 2720/nginx:</span> <span class="string">master</span> </span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>以上只是一个简单的实现，使用ansible还能做更加复杂的事情。</p></div><footer class="post-footer"><div><div style="text-align:center;color:#ccc;font-size:24px;padding-top:10px">----- The End -----</div><div><center><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/social-share.js/1.0.16/css/share.min.css"><div class="social-share" data-sites="weibo, qq, qzone,wechat"></div><script src="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/jquery/1.8.2/jquery.js"></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/social-share.js/1.0.16/js/social-share.min.js"></script></center></div></div><div class="post-copyright"><ul><li 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