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itemprop="name" content="centos7安装特定版本的python | 随言碎语"><meta itemprop="description" content=""></span><header class="post-header"><h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">centos7安装特定版本的python</h1><div class="post-meta-container"><div class="post-meta"><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-calendar"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span> <time title="创建时间：2022-01-20 16:29:30" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2022-01-20T16:29:30+08:00">2022-01-20</time> </span><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-calendar-check"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">更新于</span> <time title="修改时间：2023-04-28 22:16:31" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-04-28T22:16:31+08:00">2023-04-28</time> </span><span class="post-meta-item" title="阅读次数" id="busuanzi_container_page_pv"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-eye"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读次数：</span> <span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span> </span><span class="post-meta-break"></span> <span class="post-meta-item" title="本文字数"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-file-word"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">本文字数：</span> <span>2k</span> </span><span class="post-meta-item" title="阅读时长"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-clock"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读时长 ≈</span> <span>4 分钟</span></span></div></div></header><div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><p>某个第三方库只支持某个特定版本的py，因此需要在同一个环境下安装不同版本的py</p><span id="more"></span><h2 id="安装">安装</h2><ol><li>当前环境：</li></ol><ul><li>centos7 + python2.6 —>目标：安装py2.7.6</li></ul><ol start="2"><li><p>从官网下载Pyhon <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.python.org/download/releases/2.7.6">https://www.python.org/download/releases/2.7.6</a></p><ul><li>选择下载Gzipped source tar ball (2.7.6) (sig)</li></ul></li><li><p>安装本地编译环境</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">yum groupinstall -y Development tools</span><br><span class="line">yum install -y zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>解压并编译</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">tar -xvf Python-2.7.6.tgz</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">cd Python-2.7.6</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python2.7</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">make</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">make install</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">安装完后的Python的可执行文件目录是 /usr/local/bin</span><br><span class="line">安装完后的python安装目录路径是 /usr/local/lib/python2.7</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>创建链接来使系统默认python变为python2.7</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ln -fs /usr/local/python2.7/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>查看当前的Python版本，确认已经是2.7.6</p></li></ol><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">python –V</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><ol start="6"><li><p>修改yum配置（若yum无法正常运行）</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vi /usr/bin/yum</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">将第一行的#!/usr/bin/python修改为系统原有的python版本地址#!/usr/bin/python2.6</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li></ol><h2 id="问题">问题</h2><h3 id="1-安装-python3-7-时No-module-named-ssl">1. 安装 python3.7 时<code>No module named _ssl</code></h3><ol><li><p>错误信息</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">import _ssl # if we can't import it, let the error propagate</span><br><span class="line">ImportError: No module named _ssl</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>原因：openssl版本最低为1.0.2，但是centos 默认的为1.0.1，所以需要重新更新openssl</p></li><li><p>升级openssl</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">安装依赖库</span></span><br><span class="line">yum install -y zlib zlib-dev openssl-devel sqlite-devel bzip2-devel libffi libffi-devel gcc gcc-c++</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.1.tar.gz</span><br><span class="line">tar -zxvf openssl-1.1.1.tar.gz</span><br><span class="line">cd openssl-1.1.1</span><br><span class="line">./config --prefix=$HOME/openssl shared zlib</span><br><span class="line">make && make install</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>设置环境变量LD_LIBRARY_PATH</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">echo "export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$HOME/openssl/lib" >> $HOME/.bash_profile</span><br><span class="line">source $HOME/.bash_profile</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>安装的时候指定刚才安装的<code>openssl</code></p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">解压py安装包</span></span><br><span class="line">tar -zxvf Python-3.7.0.tgz</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">进去解压后的目录，安装时指定刚才 openssl 的位置</span></span><br><span class="line">./configure --prefix=$HOME/Py37 --with-openssl=$HOME/openssl</span><br><span class="line">make && make install</span><br><span class="line">echo $HOME</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>至此python3.7就安装完了，来检验下ssl模块能否被导入</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@izbp12am8wqrn7t6wzgmydz Python-3.7.0]# echo $HOME</span><br><span class="line">/root</span><br><span class="line">[root@izbp12am8wqrn7t6wzgmydz Python-3.7.0]# cd /root/Py37/</span><br><span class="line">[root@izbp12am8wqrn7t6wzgmydz bin]# ./python3</span><br><span class="line">Python 3.7.0 (default, Sep 16 2018, 14:12:43)</span><br><span class="line">[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-23)] on linux</span><br><span class="line">Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">></span><span class="language-bash">>> import ssl</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">></span><span class="language-bash">>> import _ssl</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">></span><span class="language-bash">>></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li></li></ol></div><footer 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