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hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="随言碎语"><meta itemprop="description" content="欲买桂花同载酒，终不似，少年游。"></span><span hidden itemprop="post" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><meta itemprop="name" content="python+behave+openpyxl管理测试用例 | 随言碎语"><meta itemprop="description" content=""></span><header class="post-header"><h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">python+behave+openpyxl管理测试用例</h1><div class="post-meta-container"><div class="post-meta"><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-calendar"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span> <time title="创建时间：2022-03-11 16:29:30" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2022-03-11T16:29:30+08:00">2022-03-11</time> </span><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-calendar-check"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">更新于</span> <time title="修改时间：2023-05-11 12:48:55" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-05-11T12:48:55+08:00">2023-05-11</time> </span><span class="post-meta-item" title="阅读次数" id="busuanzi_container_page_pv"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-eye"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读次数：</span> <span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span> </span><span class="post-meta-break"></span> <span class="post-meta-item" title="本文字数"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-file-word"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">本文字数：</span> <span>3.8k</span> </span><span class="post-meta-item" title="阅读时长"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-clock"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读时长 ≈</span> <span>7 分钟</span></span></div></div></header><div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><p>测试用例文本化，使用python+behave来维护测试用例</p><span id="more"></span><h2 id="1-背景">1.背景</h2><p>测试用例一般都是用excel去维护的，这也是行业内大部分公司的做法。</p><p>近期由于公司leader的要求：“你们测试用例要文本化，主要是方便diff，不然每次提交的都是xls文件(测试用例会提交到git仓库)，不太方便去比较。如果文本化了，就能在git中直接看出这次提交修改的内容”。</p><p>基于这个需求，其实有很多更好用的excel对比工具，但是大佬是研发类型的大佬，更希望能够文本化处理。即通过某种方式，将写好的测试用例转成文本，然后再通过CI/CD的方式编译出我们需要的excel。相当于提交到git仓库的不再是excel，而是转换后的文本。</p><h2 id="2-项目介绍">2.项目介绍</h2><p>behave的介绍：<a href="/2021/10/10/BDD-python+behave%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BA/" title="BDD-python+behave自动化测试搭建">BDD-python+behave自动化测试搭建</a></p><p>分两个部分，一个是将excel转换为behave所需要的feature，一个是将feature转换为excel，从而达到相互转换的。</p><h2 id="2-1-将原有的excel转化为feature">2.1 将原有的excel转化为feature</h2><p>通常情况下，excel的模板都是固定的。同公司中，不同项目所使用的测试用应该是基于同一个模板编写的。</p><p>这里就是针对基于固定模板编写完成的测试用例文件进行分析，并转换为feature文件</p><p>项目地址：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://gitea.kiki.kim/ha/excel2feature.git">https://gitea.kiki.kim/ha/excel2feature.git</a></p><p>目录结构</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">+--excel2feature/</span><br><span class="line">| +--bin/ </span><br><span class="line">| | +-- e2f.py # -- 主程序</span><br><span class="line">| +--excel_files/ # -- 测试用例文件夹</span><br><span class="line">| | +-- *.xlsx # 测试用例</span><br><span class="line">| +--templates/ # -- features模板</span><br><span class="line">| | +-- *feature.j2 # 模板文件</span><br><span class="line">| +--output/ # -- 转换后的feature</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>核心代码：</p><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"> <span class="comment">#获取所有的数据</span></span><br><span class="line"> work_book = xlrd.open_workbook(self.xlsx_file_path)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">#为了让py2字典的顺序与py3一致</span></span><br><span class="line"> all_data = OrderedDict()</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span> i, sheet_obj <span class="keyword">in</span> <span class="built_in">enumerate</span>(work_book.sheets()):</span><br><span class="line"> all_data[sheet_obj.name] = [sheet_obj.row_values(row)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span> row <span class="keyword">in</span> <span class="built_in">range</span>(sheet_obj.nrows)]</span><br><span class="line">.........</span><br><span class="line">.........</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title function_">get_feature_data</span>(<span class="params">self, datas, sheet_name</span>):</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> 根据sheet_name 处理数据</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> """</span></span><br><span class="line"> context_temp = OrderedDict()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> sheet_name == <span class="string">"封面"</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> context_temp[<span class="string">'project'</span>] = self.project</span><br><span class="line"> context_temp[<span class="string">'sheet_name'</span>] = sheet_name</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># 处理更新记录</span></span><br><span class="line"> Scenario_table = []</span><br><span class="line"> lines = datas[<span class="number">4</span>:]</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span> line <span class="keyword">in</span> lines:</span><br><span class="line"> cells = line</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># 处理换行</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span> index, cell <span class="keyword">in</span> <span class="built_in">enumerate</span>(cells):</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">#因为py2的编码问题，不能判断str</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">#isinstance(cell,str)</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="keyword">not</span> <span class="built_in">isinstance</span>(cell,(<span class="built_in">int</span>,<span class="built_in">float</span>)):</span><br><span class="line"> cells[index] = cell.replace(<span class="string">'\n'</span>, <span class="string">'\\n'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> Scenario_table.append(cells)</span><br><span class="line"> context_temp[<span class="string">'Scenario_table'</span>] = Scenario_table</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">elif</span> sheet_name == <span class="string">"统计表"</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> context_temp[<span class="string">'project'</span>] = self.project</span><br><span class="line"> context_temp[<span class="string">'sheet_name'</span>] = sheet_name</span><br><span class="line">.........</span><br><span class="line">.........</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title function_">feature_tpl</span>(<span class="params">self</span>):</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> 拿处理后的数据来渲染指定的模板</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> """</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># 读取模板</span></span><br><span class="line"> tpl = os.path.join(self.templates_dir, self.feature_name + <span class="string">".j2"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> tpl_data = io.<span class="built_in">open</span>(tpl, encoding=<span class="string">"utf-8"</span>).read()</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># 渲染模板</span></span><br><span class="line"> env = Environment()</span><br><span class="line"> text = env.from_string(tpl_data).render(self.context)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment"># 保存文件</span></span><br><span class="line"> xl2fe.save_feature(self, text)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="2-2-将feature转换为excel">2.2 将feature转换为excel</h2><p>由于提交的都是feature文件，这种方式是无法直接去使用的。因此，需要再将其转为excel文件。</p><p>项目地址：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://gitea.kiki.kim/ha/behave-test-case.git">https://gitea.kiki.kim/ha/behave-test-case.git</a></p><p>项目结构：</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">+--behave-test-case/</span><br><span class="line">| +--bin/ </span><br><span class="line">| | +-- behave_main.py # -- 主程序</span><br><span class="line">| +--features/ </span><br><span class="line">| | +-- *.feature # 转换后的测试用例</span><br><span class="line">| +--fixtures/ # 模板文件目录</span><br><span class="line">| | +-- test_case_template.xlsx # 模板文件</span><br><span class="line">| +--output/ # -- 转换后的目录</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>核心代码：</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash">激活sheet页</span></span><br><span class="line">@step(u'I active "{title}"')</span><br><span class="line">def i_active_title(context,title):</span><br><span class="line"> # context.project_file = os.path.join(context.output_dir,context.file)</span><br><span class="line"> # context.wb = load_workbook(context.project_file)</span><br><span class="line"> #print(title)</span><br><span class="line"> context.ws = context.wb.get_sheet_by_name(title)</span><br><span class="line">.........</span><br><span class="line">.........</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash">自动合并单元格</span></span><br><span class="line">@step(u'I auto_merge_cells "{col}" start at "{startnum}"')</span><br><span class="line">def i_auto_merge_cells(context,col,startnum):</span><br><span class="line"> status = True</span><br><span class="line"> startnum = int(startnum)</span><br><span class="line"> endnum = startnum + 1</span><br><span class="line"> #print(endnum)</span><br><span class="line"> while status:</span><br><span class="line"> startcol = col + str(startnum)</span><br><span class="line"> endcol = col +str(endnum)</span><br><span class="line"> if context.ws[endcol].value == None or context.ws[endcol].value == '':</span><br><span class="line"> status = False</span><br><span class="line"> #continue</span><br><span class="line"> if context.ws[startcol].value == context.ws[endcol].value:</span><br><span class="line"> endnum = endnum +1</span><br><span class="line"> else:</span><br><span class="line"> endnumtmp = endnum -1</span><br><span class="line"> endcoltmp = col +str(endnumtmp)</span><br><span class="line"> cells = startcol + ":" + endcoltmp</span><br><span class="line"> context.ws.merge_cells(cells)</span><br><span class="line"> context.ws[startcol].alignment = my_alignment('center', 'center')</span><br><span class="line"> startnum = endnum</span><br><span class="line"> endnum = endnum +1</span><br><span class="line">.........</span><br><span class="line">.........</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash">写入数据</span></span><br><span class="line">@step(u'I load the table')</span><br><span class="line">def i_load_table(context):</span><br><span class="line"> table = context.table</span><br><span class="line"> #print(table)</span><br><span class="line"> if context.text:</span><br><span class="line"> title = table.headings</span><br><span class="line"> context.ws.append(title)</span><br><span class="line"> lists = table.rows</span><br><span class="line"> for cells_list in lists:</span><br><span class="line"> cells = cells_list.cells</span><br><span class="line"> values = []</span><br><span class="line"> for cell in cells:</span><br><span class="line"> #换行符被转义了，再处理回来</span><br><span class="line"> cell_value = cell.replace('\\n','\n')</span><br><span class="line"> values.append(cell_value)</span><br><span class="line"> #print(values)</span><br><span class="line"> context.ws.append(values)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div><footer class="post-footer"><div><div style="text-align:center;color:#ccc;font-size:24px;padding-top:10px">----- The End -----</div><div><center><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/social-share.js/1.0.16/css/share.min.css"><div class="social-share" data-sites="weibo, qq, qzone,wechat"></div><script src="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/jquery/1.8.2/jquery.js"></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/social-share.js/1.0.16/js/social-share.min.js"></script></center></div></div><div class="post-copyright"><ul><li class="post-copyright-author"><strong>本文作者： </strong>小梦同学</li><li class="post-copyright-link"><strong>本文链接：</strong> <a href="http://kiki.kim/2022/03/11/python+behave+openpyxl%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E7%94%A8%E4%BE%8B/" title="python+behave+openpyxl管理测试用例">http://kiki.kim/2022/03/11/python+behave+openpyxl管理测试用例/</a></li><li 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