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itemprop="name headline">linux工具集合和问题处理</h1><div class="post-meta-container"><div class="post-meta"><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-calendar"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span> <time title="创建时间：2021-11-23 18:35:22" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2021-11-23T18:35:22+08:00">2021-11-23</time> </span><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-calendar-check"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">更新于</span> <time title="修改时间：2023-05-11 12:48:36" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-05-11T12:48:36+08:00">2023-05-11</time> </span><span class="post-meta-item" title="阅读次数" id="busuanzi_container_page_pv"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-eye"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读次数：</span> <span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span> </span><span class="post-meta-break"></span> <span class="post-meta-item" title="本文字数"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-file-word"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">本文字数：</span> <span>3.3k</span> </span><span class="post-meta-item" title="阅读时长"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-clock"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读时长 ≈</span> <span>6 分钟</span></span></div></div></header><div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><p>好用的工具分享和使用</p><span id="more"></span><h2 id="1-使用SCL来安装不同版本的py">1. 使用SCL来安装不同版本的py</h2><ol><li><p>安装scl</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">yum install centos-release-scl</span><br><span class="line">yum install scl-utils-build</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>设置仓库地址</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">yum-config-manager --enable rhel-server-rhscl-7-rpms</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>查看 SCL 中可用包的完整列表</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="scl" list available</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p><img src="https://halliday.oss-cn-nanjing.aliyuncs.com/image-20230428221941666.png" alt="image-20230428221941666"></p></li><li><p>搜索 SCL 中的包</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="scl" search <keyword></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>假设你要安装 Python 3.5，直接使用<code>yum install</code>即可</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">yum install rh-python35</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>安装后默认是不生效的</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">python --version</span><br><span class="line">Python 2.6.6</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>使用前需要激活</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">scl enable rh-python35 bash</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>验证一下是否生效</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">python -V</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li></ol><h2 id="2-Linux环境崩溃生成core文件">2. Linux环境崩溃生成core文件</h2><ol><li><p>首先需要确认<strong>当前会话</strong>的ulimit –c，若为0，则不会产生对应的coredump，需要进行修改和设置</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">临时，可以产生coredump且不受大小限制</span></span><br><span class="line">ulimit -c unlimited</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">永久生效，加到配置文件中</span></span><br><span class="line">vim /etc/profile</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>更改core dump生成路径</p><p>默认会生成在程序的工作目录，但是有些程序存在切换目录的情况，导致core dump生成的路径没有规律</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mkdir -p /data/coredump</span><br><span class="line">echo /data/coredump/core.%e.%p> /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">%</span><span class="language-bash">e表示程序名， %p表示进程<span class="built_in">id</span></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li></ol><h2 id="3-Linux端口转发的几种常用方法">3.Linux端口转发的几种常用方法</h2><ol><li><p>SSH端口转发</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash">本地端口转发</span></span><br><span class="line">ssh -fgN -L 2222:localhost:22 localhost</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash">远程端口转发</span></span><br><span class="line">ssh -fgN -R 2222:host1:22 localhost</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash">动态转发</span></span><br><span class="line">ssh -fgN -D 12345 root@host1</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>iptables 端口转发</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">1.开启数据转发功能</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">vi /etc/sysctl.conf </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"> #</span><span class="language-bash">增加一行</span> </span><br><span class="line"> net.ipv4.ip_forward=1</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">2.使数据转发功能生效</span><br><span class="line">sysctl -p</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">3.将本地的端口转发到本机端口</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 2222 -j REDIRECT --to-port 22</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">4.将本机的端口转发到其他机器</span><br><span class="line">iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 192.168.172.130 -p tcp --dport 8000 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.172.131:80</span><br><span class="line">iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -d 192.168.172.131 -p tcp --dport 80 -j SNAT --to 192.168.172.130</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">5.清空nat表的所有链</span><br><span class="line">iptables -t nat -F PREROUTING</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>firewall 端口转发</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">1.开启伪装IP</span><br><span class="line">firewall-cmd --permanent --add-masquerade</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">2.配置端口转发，将到达本机的12345端口的访问转发到另一台服务器的22端口。</span><br><span class="line">firewall-cmd --permanent --add-forward-port=port=12345:proto=tcp:toaddr=192.168.172.131:toport=22</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">3.重新载入，使其失效。</span><br><span class="line">firewall-cmd --reload</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>rinetd 端口转发</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">1.源码下载</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">wget https://li.nux.ro/download/nux/misc/el7/x86_64/rinetd-0.62-9.el7.nux.x86_64.rpm</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">2.安装rinetd</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">rpm -ivh rinetd-0.62-9.el7.nux.x86_64.rpm</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">3.编辑配置文件</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">vi /etc/rinetd.conf</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">0.0.0.0 1234 127.0.0.1 22</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">4.启动转发</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">rinetd -c /etc/rinetd.conf</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>ncat 端口转发</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">1.安装ncat</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">yum install nmap-ncat -y</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">2.监听本机 9876 端口，将数据转发到 192.168.172.131的 80 端口</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">ncat --sh-exec "ncat 192.168.172.131 80" -l 9876 --keep-open</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>socat 端口转发</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">1.socat安装</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">yum install -y socat</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">2.在本地监听12345端口，并将请求转发至192.168.172.131的22端口。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">socat TCP4-LISTEN:12345,reuseaddr,fork TCP4:192.168.172.131:22</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>portmap 端口转发</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">1.下载地址：</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">http://www.vuln.cn/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/lcx_vuln.cn_.zip</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">2.监听本地1234端口，转发给192.168.172.131的22端口</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">./portmap -m 1 -p1 1234 -h2 192.168.172.131 -p2 22</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li></ol><h2 id="4-修改SSH的默认端口">4.修改SSH的默认端口</h2><ol><li><p>修改配置项</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Port 22 # 先不要去掉</span><br><span class="line">Port 6666 # 增加一个端口，这样做是为了确保6666端口不能正常连接的情况下依然能保持22端口连接</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>重启服务，并确认服务没有问题</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash">重启服务</span></span><br><span class="line">systemctl restart sshd.service</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash">确认服务没有问题</span></span><br><span class="line">systemctl status sshd.service</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>使用<code>6666</code>端口，确认可以正常连接</p></li><li><p>再次编辑配置，将22端口注释掉，然后重启服务</p></li></ol><h2 id="5-配置禁止root用户直接登录">5. 配置禁止root用户直接登录</h2><ol><li><p>先确认有普通用户，或者创建一个普通用户</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@CentOS ~]# useradd test</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash">使用passwd命令即可给相应帐户设置或修改密码。</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[root@CentOS ~]# passwd test</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash">根据图示，设置或修改密码需要填写两次，第二次为效验密码，输入完毕后请回车确认。</span></span><br><span class="line">Changing password for user test.</span><br><span class="line">New password: </span><br><span class="line">Retype new password: </span><br><span class="line">passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>修改配置文件</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">查找 #PermitRootLogin yes”</span><br><span class="line">将“#”去掉，末尾“Yes”改为“No”</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>重启服务</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">systemctl restart sshd</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>确认已经无法用root用户登录</p></li><li><p>普通用户可以登录</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">登陆后切换root</span></span><br><span class="line">su -</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li></ol><h2 id="6-解决-SSH-连接速度慢">6.解决 SSH 连接速度慢</h2><p>一个个试，不行就还原了，再试下一个</p><ol><li><p>关闭DNS反向解析</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config</span><br><span class="line">UseDNS=no</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">重启验证，不行的话要改回来！！！</span><br><span class="line">service sshd restart</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>关闭GSS认证</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config</span></span><br><span class="line">GSSAPIAuthentication no</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">重启验证，不行的话要改回来！！！</span><br><span class="line">service sshd restart</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li></ol><h2 id="7-fzf-模糊查找神器">7. fzf-模糊查找神器</h2><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">apt install fzf</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">根据readme添加环境变量</span><br><span class="line">more /usr/share/doc/fzf/README.Debian</span><br><span class="line">Bash</span><br><span class="line">====</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Append this line to ~/.bashrc to enable fzf keybindings for Bash:</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> source /usr/share/doc/fzf/examples/key-bindings.bash</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div><footer 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