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name="description" content="Ansible是一种IT自动化工具。它可以配置系统部署软件以及协调更高级的IT任务例如持续部署滚动更新。Ansible适用于管理企业IT基础设施从具有少数主机的小规模到数千个实例的企业环境。Ansible也是一种简单的自动化语言可以完美地描述IT应用程序基础结构。"><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="og:title" content="ansible自动部署"><meta property="og:url" content="http://kiki.kim/2021/03/10/ansible%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2/index.html"><meta property="og:site_name" content="随言碎语"><meta property="og:description" content="Ansible是一种IT自动化工具。它可以配置系统部署软件以及协调更高级的IT任务例如持续部署滚动更新。Ansible适用于管理企业IT基础设施从具有少数主机的小规模到数千个实例的企业环境。Ansible也是一种简单的自动化语言可以完美地描述IT应用程序基础结构。"><meta property="og:locale" content="zh_CN"><meta property="og:image" content="https://halliday.oss-cn-nanjing.aliyuncs.com/image-20230427145616259.png"><meta property="article:published_time" content="2021-03-10T11:56:34.000Z"><meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-05-02T14:25:36.494Z"><meta property="article:author" content="小梦同学的blog"><meta property="article:tag" content="ansible"><meta 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itemprop="post" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><meta itemprop="name" content="ansible自动部署 | 随言碎语"><meta itemprop="description" content=""></span><header class="post-header"><h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">ansible自动部署</h1><div class="post-meta-container"><div class="post-meta"><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-calendar"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span> <time title="创建时间2021-03-10 19:56:34" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2021-03-10T19:56:34+08:00">2021-03-10</time> </span><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-calendar-check"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">更新于</span> <time title="修改时间2023-05-02 22:25:36" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-05-02T22:25:36+08:00">2023-05-02</time> </span><span class="post-meta-item" title="阅读次数" id="busuanzi_container_page_pv"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-eye"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读次数:</span> <span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span> </span><span class="post-meta-break"></span> <span class="post-meta-item" title="本文字数"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-file-word"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">本文字数:</span> <span>3.6k</span> </span><span class="post-meta-item" title="阅读时长"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-clock"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读时长 &asymp;</span> <span>7 分钟</span></span></div></div></header><div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><p>Ansible是一种IT自动化工具。它可以配置系统部署软件以及协调更高级的IT任务例如持续部署滚动更新。Ansible适用于管理企业IT基础设施从具有少数主机的小规模到数千个实例的企业环境。Ansible也是一种简单的自动化语言可以完美地描述IT应用程序基础结构。</p><span id="more"></span><h2 id="1-简介">1.简介</h2><ol><li><p>Ansible可以同时管理Redhat系的LinuxDebian系的Linux以及Windows主机。管理节点只在执行脚本时与远程主机连接没有特别的同步机制所以断电等异常一般不会影响ansbile。</p></li><li><p>ansible 基于Python开发集合了众多运维工具puppet、cfengine、chef、func、fabric的优点实现了批量系统配置、批量程序部署、批量运行命令等功能。ansible是基于模块工作的本身没有批量部署的能力。真正具有批量部署的是ansible所运行的模块ansible只是提供一种框架。主要包括</p><ul><li>连接插件connection plugins负责和被监控端实现通信</li><li>host inventory指定操作的主机是一个配置文件里面定义监控的主机</li><li>各种模块核心模块、command模块、自定义模块</li><li>借助于插件完成记录日志邮件等功能;</li><li>playbook剧本执行多个任务时非必需可以让节点一次性运行多个任务。</li></ul></li><li><p>示意图</p><p><img src="https://halliday.oss-cn-nanjing.aliyuncs.com/image-20230427145616259.png" alt="image-20230427145616259"></p></li></ol><h2 id="2-安装与使用">2.安装与使用</h2><ol><li>环境</li></ol><table><thead><tr><th>服务</th><th>主机名称</th><th>IP地址</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>服务端</td><td>master</td><td>192.168.2.3</td></tr><tr><td>客户端</td><td>node1</td><td>192.168.2.4</td></tr><tr><td>客户端</td><td>node2</td><td>192.168.2.5</td></tr></tbody></table><ol start="2"><li><p>服务端安装ansible</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">yum install -y epel-release</span><br><span class="line">yum install ansible -y</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">//查看ansible的版本</span><br><span class="line">ansible --version</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">yum install -y tree</span><br><span class="line">tree /etc/ansible/</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>配置公私钥</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"> ssh-keygen -t rsa</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> 将生成的公钥发给所有机器,包括自己</span><br><span class="line"> ssh-copy-id root@192.168.2.3</span><br><span class="line"> ssh-copy-id root@192.168.2.4</span><br><span class="line"> ssh-copy-id root@192.168.2.5</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> ---这样的话从3访问4和5就都不要输入密码了</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">4. 配置hosts文件</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> ```shell</span><br><span class="line"> vim /etc/ansible/hosts</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> [webserver]</span><br><span class="line"> 192.168.2.4</span><br><span class="line"> 192.168.2.5</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>主机连通测试</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ansible webserver -m ping</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[root@c1 ~]# ansible webserver -m ping</span><br><span class="line">192.168.2.4 | SUCCESS =&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> &quot;changed&quot;: false, </span><br><span class="line"> &quot;ping&quot;: &quot;pong&quot;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">192.168.2.4 | SUCCESS =&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line"> &quot;changed&quot;: false, </span><br><span class="line"> &quot;ping&quot;: &quot;pong&quot;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>常用命令</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ansible-doc -l #查看支持的模块</span><br><span class="line">ansible-doc -s MODEL_NAME #查看模块用法</span><br><span class="line">ansible命令应用基础</span><br><span class="line">ansible &lt;host-pattern&gt; [options]</span><br><span class="line">-f fork:启动并发 线程数</span><br><span class="line">-m model_name:要使用的模块</span><br><span class="line">-a args:特有的参数</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">ansible all -m ping #查看client端是否正常ping通</span><br><span class="line">ansible webserver -m setup #查看客户端信息</span><br><span class="line">ansible webserver -m copy -a &#x27;src=/root/git_test/code.txt dest=/root/test&#x27; #copy文件到client端</span><br><span class="line">ansible webserver -m user -a &quot;name=test state=present&quot; #创建test用户</span><br><span class="line">ansible webserver -m user -a &quot;name=test state=absent&quot; #删除test用户</span><br><span class="line">ansible webserver -m yum -a &#x27;name=epel-relese state=latest&#x27; #yum安装</span><br><span class="line">ansible webserver -m systemd -a &#x27;name=httpd state=stopped enabled=no&#x27; #停止httpd服务</span><br><span class="line">ansible webserver -m script -a &#x27;/tmp/test,sh&#x27; #运行脚本</span><br><span class="line">ansible webserver -m command &#x27;date&#x27; #查看时间</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="3-playbook">3. playbook</h2><ul><li>执行一些简单的任务使用ad-hoc命令可以方便的解决问题但是有时一个设施过于复杂需要大量的操作的时候执行的ad-hoc命令是不合适的这时候最好使用playbook。</li><li>就像执行shell命令与写shell脚本一样也可以理解为批处理任务不过playbook有自己的语法格式</li><li>使用playbook可以方便的重复使用这些代码可以移植到不同的机器上面像函数一样最大化的利用代码。在你使用Ansible的过程中你也会发现你所处理的大部分操作都是编写playbook。可以把常见的应用都编写playbook之后管理服务器会变得很简单。</li></ul></li></ol><p>例如一个安装并运行nginx的任务:</p><figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">---</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="bullet">-</span> <span class="attr">hosts:</span> <span class="string">web</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">remote_user:</span> <span class="string">root</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">tasks:</span></span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="bullet">-</span> <span class="attr">name:</span> <span class="string">install</span> <span class="string">nginx</span> <span class="comment">##安装模块需要在被控主机里加上nginx的源</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">yum:</span> <span class="string">name=nginx</span> <span class="string">state=present</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="bullet">-</span> <span class="attr">name:</span> <span class="string">copy</span> <span class="string">nginx.conf</span> <span class="comment">##复制nginx的配置文件过去需要在本机的/tmp目录下编辑nginx.conf</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">copy:</span> <span class="string">src=/tmp/nginx.conf</span> <span class="string">dest=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf</span> <span class="string">backup=yes</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">notify:</span> <span class="string">reload</span> <span class="comment">#当nginx.conf发生改变时通知给相应的handlers</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">tags:</span> <span class="string">reloadnginx</span> <span class="comment">#打标签</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="bullet">-</span> <span class="attr">name:</span> <span class="string">start</span> <span class="string">nginx</span> <span class="string">service</span> <span class="comment">#服务启动模块</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">service:</span> <span class="string">name=nginx</span> <span class="string">state=started</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">tags:</span> <span class="string">startnginx</span> <span class="comment">#打标签</span></span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">handlers</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="bullet">-</span> <span class="attr">name:</span> <span class="string">reload</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="attr">service:</span> <span class="string">name=nginx</span> <span class="string">state=restarted</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>运行</p><figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[<span class="string">root@ansible</span> <span class="string">ansible</span>]<span class="comment"># ansible-playbook nginx.yml </span></span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">PLAY</span> [<span class="string">web</span>] <span class="string">*********************************************************************</span></span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">TASK</span> [<span class="string">Gathering</span> <span class="string">Facts</span>] <span class="string">*********************************************************</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">ok:</span> [<span class="number">192.168</span><span class="number">.2</span><span class="number">.3</span>]</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">TASK</span> [<span class="string">install</span> <span class="string">nginx</span>] <span class="string">***********************************************************</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">changed:</span> [<span class="number">192.168</span><span class="number">.2</span><span class="number">.3</span>]</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">TASK</span> [<span class="string">copy</span> <span class="string">nginx.conf</span>] <span class="string">*********************************************************</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">ok:</span> [<span class="number">192.168</span><span class="number">.2</span><span class="number">.3</span>]</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">TASK</span> [<span class="string">start</span> <span class="string">nginx</span> <span class="string">service</span>] <span class="string">*****************************************************</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">changed:</span> [<span class="number">192.168</span><span class="number">.2</span><span class="number">.3</span>]</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">PLAY</span> <span class="string">RECAP</span> <span class="string">*********************************************************************</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">192.168.2.3 :</span> <span class="string">ok=4</span> <span class="string">changed=2</span> <span class="string">unreachable=0</span> <span class="string">failed=0</span> <span class="string">skipped=0</span> <span class="string">rescued=0</span> <span class="string">ignored=0</span> </span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">##查看被控主机上的nginx服务</span></span><br><span class="line">[<span class="string">root@ansible</span> <span class="string">ansible</span>]<span class="comment"># ansible web -m shell -a &#x27;netstat -natp | grep nginx&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">192.168</span><span class="number">.2</span><span class="number">.3</span> <span class="string">|</span> <span class="string">CHANGED</span> <span class="string">|</span> <span class="string">rc=0</span> <span class="string">&gt;&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">tcp</span> <span class="number">0</span> <span class="number">0</span> <span class="number">0.0</span><span class="number">.0</span><span class="number">.0</span><span class="string">:80</span> <span class="number">0.0</span><span class="number">.0</span><span class="number">.0</span><span class="string">:*</span> <span class="attr">LISTEN 2720/nginx:</span> <span class="string">master</span> </span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>以上只是一个简单的实现使用ansible还能做更加复杂的事情。</p></div><footer class="post-footer"><div><div style="text-align:center;color:#ccc;font-size:24px;padding-top:10px">----- The End -----</div><div><center><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/social-share.js/1.0.16/css/share.min.css"><div class="social-share" data-sites="weibo, qq, 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