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content="https://halliday.oss-cn-nanjing.aliyuncs.com/imagesbjx.png"><meta itemprop="name" content="小梦同学的blog"></span><span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="随言碎语"><meta itemprop="description" content="欲买桂花同载酒，终不似，少年游。"></span><span hidden itemprop="post" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork"><meta itemprop="name" content="使用nagios做运维监控 | 随言碎语"><meta itemprop="description" content=""></span><header class="post-header"><h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">使用nagios做运维监控</h1><div class="post-meta-container"><div class="post-meta"><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-calendar"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span> <time title="创建时间：2020-03-23 10:25:34" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2020-03-23T10:25:34+08:00">2020-03-23</time> </span><span class="post-meta-item"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-calendar-check"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">更新于</span> <time title="修改时间：2023-04-26 17:38:03" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-04-26T17:38:03+08:00">2023-04-26</time> </span><span class="post-meta-item" title="阅读次数" id="busuanzi_container_page_pv"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-eye"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读次数：</span> <span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span> </span><span class="post-meta-break"></span> <span class="post-meta-item" title="本文字数"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-file-word"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">本文字数：</span> <span>3.1k</span> </span><span class="post-meta-item" title="阅读时长"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="far fa-clock"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读时长 ≈</span> <span>6 分钟</span></span></div></div></header><div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><p>Nagios是一款开源的网络及服务的监控工具，其功能强大、灵活性强。能有效监控windows、Linux和Unix等系统的主机各种状态信息，交换机、路由器等网络设备，以及主机端口及URL服务等。根据不同业务故障级别发出告警信息给管理员，当故障恢复时也会发出恢复消息给管理员。</p><span id="more"></span><h2 id="1-环境准备">1. 环境准备</h2><p>服务端：192.168.1.201</p><p>客户端：192.168.1.201、192.168.1.202</p><h2 id="2-安装nagios和nagios-plugins">2. 安装nagios和nagios-plugins</h2><ol><li>配置扩展epel yum源 ，见之前的文章 <a href="/2020/06/09/yum%E6%BA%90%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E6%BA%90/" title="yum源如何使用国内源">yum源如何使用国内源</a></li></ol><h3 id="2-1-安装服务端">2.1 安装服务端</h3><ol><li><p>安装nagios服务及相关的服务</p><p>注：由于我这里服务端的这台机器本身也是需要呗监控的，所有这台机器服务端和客户端都安装了。</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@zmr-service ~]# yum install -y httpd nagios nagios-plugins nagios-plugins-all nrpe nagios-plugins-nrpe</span><br><span class="line">已加载插件：fastestmirror</span><br><span class="line">Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile</span><br><span class="line"> * base: mirrors.aliyun.com</span><br><span class="line"> * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com</span><br><span class="line"> * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com</span><br><span class="line">base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00</span><br><span class="line">docker-ce-stable | 3.5 kB 00:00:00</span><br><span class="line">updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 20 MB 00:00:26</span><br><span class="line">正在解决依赖关系</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">--> </span><span class="language-bash">正在检查事务</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">---> </span><span class="language-bash">软件包 nagios.x86_64.0.4.4.9-1.el7 将被 安装</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">--> </span><span class="language-bash">正在处理依赖关系 group(nagios)，它被软件包 nagios-4.4.9-1.el7.x86_64 需要</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">--> </span><span class="language-bash">正在处理依赖关系 group(nagios)，它被软件包 nagios-4.4.9-1.el7.x86_64 需要</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">--> </span><span class="language-bash">正在处理依赖关系 mailx，它被软件包 nagios-4.4.9-1.el7.x86_64 需要</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">--> </span><span class="language-bash">正在处理依赖关系 nagios-common，它被软件包 nagios-4.4.9-1.el7.x86_64 需要</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">--> </span><span class="language-bash">正在处理依赖关系 nagios-plugins-disk，它被软件包 nagios-4.4.9-1.el7.x86_64 需要</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">--> </span><span class="language-bash">正在处理依赖关系 nagios-plugins-http，它被软件包 nagios-4.4.9-1.el7.x86_64 需要</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">--> </span><span class="language-bash">正在处理依赖关系 nagios-plugins-load，它被软件包 nagios-4.4.9-1.el7.x86_64 需要</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">--> </span><span class="language-bash">正在处理依赖关系 nagios-plugins-ping，它被软件包 nagios-4.4.9-1.el7.x86_64 需要</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">--> </span><span class="language-bash">正在处理依赖关系 nagios-plugins-procs，它被软件包 nagios-4.4.9-1.el7.x86_64 需要</span></span><br><span class="line">...</span><br><span class="line">...</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>创建用户和密码(可选，默认的用户名和密码都是nagiosadmin)</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@zmr-service ~]# htpasswd -c /etc/nagios/passwd nagiosadmin</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>检测配置文件</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@zmr-service ~]# nagios -v /etc/nagios/nagios.cfg</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">如下图所示即配置正确，没有问题</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p><img src="https://halliday.oss-cn-nanjing.aliyuncs.com/imagesimage-20230424145503453.png" alt="image-20230424145503453"></p></li><li><p>启动服务</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@zmr-service ~]# service httpd start</span><br><span class="line">[root@zmr-service ~]# service nagios start</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>打开浏览器访问nagios</p><p><img src="https://halliday.oss-cn-nanjing.aliyuncs.com/imagesimage-20230424145908822.png" alt="image-20230424145908822"></p><p><img src="https://halliday.oss-cn-nanjing.aliyuncs.com/imagesimage-20230424145935781.png" alt="image-20230424145935781"></p><p>看知道这个画面，表示服务端已经没问题了</p></li></ol><h3 id="2-2-安装客户端">2.2 安装客户端</h3><p>客户端只需要安装客户端即可，因此不需要再安装nagios服务了</p><ol><li><p>同上，配置扩展epel yum源</p></li><li><p>安装客户端所需的软件</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@zmr-service ~]# yum install -y nagios-plugins nagios-plugins-all nrpe nagios-plugins-nrpe</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>编辑配置文件</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">vim /etc/nagios/nrpe.cfg</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">1.“allowed_hosts=127.0.0.1” 改为 “allowed_hosts=192.168.1.201” ---nagios服务主机</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">2.” dont_blame_nrpe=0” 改为 “dont_blame_nrpe=1” </span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>启动服务</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@zmr-service ~]# service nrpe start</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>服务端的机器（201），添加被监控的主机</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@zmr-service ~]# cd /etc/nagios/conf.d/</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[root@zmr-service ~]# vim 192.168.1.202.cfg</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">define host{</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> use linux-server </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> host_name 192.168.1.202</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> alias 1.202</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> address 192.168.1.202</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">define service{</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> use generic-service</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> host_name 192.168.1.202</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> service_description check_ping</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> check_command check_ping!100.0,20%!200.0,50%</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> max_check_attempts 5</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> normal_check_interval 1</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">define service{</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> use generic-service</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> host_name 192.168.1.202</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> service_description check_ssh</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> check_command check_ssh</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> max_check_attempts 5 </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> normal_check_interval 1 </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> notification_interval 60 </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">define service{</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> use generic-service</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> host_name 192.168.1.202</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> service_description check_http</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> check_command check_http</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> max_check_attempts 5</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> normal_check_interval 1</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>配置说明：</p><figure class="highlight tex"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">service<span class="built_in">_</span>description: 表示检查项的名称</span><br><span class="line">max<span class="built_in">_</span>check<span class="built_in">_</span>attempts 5 ；表示当nagios检测到问题时，一共尝试检测5次都有问题才会告警，如果该数值为1，那么检测到问题立即告警。</span><br><span class="line">normal<span class="built_in">_</span>check<span class="built_in">_</span>interval 1 ；重新检测的时间间隔，单位是分钟，默认是3分钟</span><br><span class="line">notification<span class="built_in">_</span>interval 60 ；在服务出现异常后，故障一直没有解决，nagios再次对使用者发出通知的时间。单位是分钟。如果你认为，所有的事件只需要一次通知就够了，可以把这里的选项设为0。 </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>检测配置文件，确认没有报错</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@zmr-service ~]# nagios -v /etc/nagios/nagios.cfg</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>重启nagios服务</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@zmr-service ~]# service nagios start</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li><li><p>到页面上确认，监控机也已经出现了</p><p><img src="https://halliday.oss-cn-nanjing.aliyuncs.com/imagesimage-20230424155220975.png" alt="image-20230424155220975"></p><p><img src="https://halliday.oss-cn-nanjing.aliyuncs.com/imagesimage-20230424155244086.png" alt="image-20230424155244086"></p></li></ol></div><footer class="post-footer"><div><div style="text-align:center;color:#ccc;font-size:24px;padding-top:10px">----- The End -----</div><div><center><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/social-share.js/1.0.16/css/share.min.css"><div class="social-share" data-sites="weibo, qq, qzone,wechat"></div><script 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