231 lines
5.4 KiB
Markdown
231 lines
5.4 KiB
Markdown
## 如何扩展虚拟机的磁盘大小
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首先确认你的虚拟机已正常关闭或没有运行
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本文虚拟机磁盘以 **bt.qcow2.disk** 为例
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### 1. 磁盘扩容
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**查看磁盘大小**
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执行命令：
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```shell
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qemu-img info bt.qcow2.disk
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```
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得到如下信息:
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```shell
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image: bt.qcow2.disk
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file format: qcow2
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virtual size: 10G (10737418240 bytes) # 磁盘总大小
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disk size: 6.4 # 已用容量
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cluster_size: 65536
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Format specific information:
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compat: 1.1
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lazy refcounts: false
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refcount bits: 16
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corrupt: false
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```
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**磁盘扩容**
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本例我们的目标是为虚拟机磁盘增加10G的容量
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执行下面的命令：
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```shell
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qemu-img resize bt.qcow2.disk +10G
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```
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然后再次查看磁盘大小
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执行命令：
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```shell
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qemu-img info bt.qcow2.disk
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```
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结果如下：
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```shell
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image: bt.qcow2.disk
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file format: qcow2
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virtual size: 20G (21474836480 bytes) # 容量增加成功，总大小为20G
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disk size: 6.4G
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cluster_size: 65536
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Format specific information:
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compat: 1.1
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lazy refcounts: false
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refcount bits: 16
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corrupt: false
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```
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### 2. 扩展分区
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**扩展已增加的容量至系统分区**
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首先，启动虚拟机，并登陆虚拟机
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```shell
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ssh -p 2222 root@localhost
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```
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**查看磁盘大小**
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执行命令：
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```shell
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fdisk -l /dev/sda
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```
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结果如下：
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```shell
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Disk /dev/sda: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors # 已增加到20G
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Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
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Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
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I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
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Disklabel type: dos
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Disk identifier: 0xcd0e4df1
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Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
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/dev/sda1 * 2048 20969471 20967424 10G 83 Linux # 分区容量还未扩展
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```
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**查看分区大小**
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执行命令：
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```shell
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df -hT
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```
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结果如下：
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```shell
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Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
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udev devtmpfs 496M 0 496M 0% /dev
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tmpfs tmpfs 103M 1.5M 101M 2% /run
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/dev/sda1 btrfs 10G 4.7G 4.7G 50% / # 分区容量还未扩展
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tmpfs tmpfs 513M 4.0K 513M 1% /dev/shm
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tmpfs tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
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tmpfs tmpfs 513M 0 513M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
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tmpfs tmpfs 103M 0 103M 0% /run/user/0
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```
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**安装** *parted* **磁盘管理工具**
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```shell
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apt update ; apt install parted -y
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```
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**扩展分区**
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输入下面的命令：**parted** ，然后按下列步骤操作：
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```shell
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parted
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```
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此时可以看到磁盘信息如下
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```shell
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GNU Parted 3.2
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Using /dev/sda # 这是我们需要操作的磁盘
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Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
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(parted) print # 输入"print",查看当前操作的磁盘信息
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Model: QEMU QEMU HARDDISK (scsi)
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Disk /dev/sda: 21.5GB # 总大小已增加至20G
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Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
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Partition Table: msdos
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Disk Flags:
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Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
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1 1049kB 10.7GB 10.7GB primary btrfs boot # 此处的“1”是磁盘分区编号，此时分区容量还没有变化
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```
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接下来输入如下命令 **resizepart** :
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```shell
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(parted) resizepart # 输入命令 "resizepart" 进行分区扩展
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Partition number? 1 # 输入需要扩展的分区编号，由于我们这里的磁盘只有一个分区，所以输入 “1”
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Warning: Partition /dev/sda1 is being used. Are you sure you want to continue?
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Yes/No? yes # 确认继续，输入 "yes"
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End? [10.7GB]? 100% # 输入“100%”，将所有可用容量全部扩展到上一步指定的分区
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(parted) print # 输入 "print" ,查看当前操作的磁盘信息
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Model: QEMU QEMU HARDDISK (scsi)
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Disk /dev/sda: 21.5GB
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Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
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Partition Table: msdos
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Disk Flags:
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Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
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1 1049kB 21.5GB 21.5GB primary btrfs boot # 可以看到增加的磁盘容量已扩展成功
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(parted) quit # 输入 "quit" , 退出
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Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
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```
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**更新分区表**
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执行下面的命令
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```shell
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partprobe /dev/sda
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partprobe /dev/sda1
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```
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**扩展文件系统**
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我们的虚拟机默认的是 *btrfs* 文件系统，相关的 *btrfs* 文件系统扩容的操作如下：
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执行命令
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```shell
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btrfs filesystem resize max /
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```
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将得到如下提示
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```shell
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Resize '/' of 'max'
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```
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**重新挂载分区**
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本文扩展的是根分区 **“/”** ，所以接下来我们重新挂载 **“/”** 根分区
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执行命令:
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```shell
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mount -o remount,rw /
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```
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**同步数据**
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执行命令：
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```shell
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sync
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```
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**验证结果**
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检查分区大小
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输入命令
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```shell
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df -hT
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```
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结果如下：
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```shell
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Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
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udev devtmpfs 496M 0 496M 0% /dev
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tmpfs tmpfs 103M 1.5M 101M 2% /run
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/dev/sda1 btrfs 20G 4.7G 15G 25% / # 分区已成功扩展
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tmpfs tmpfs 513M 4.0K 513M 1% /dev/shm
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tmpfs tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
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tmpfs tmpfs 513M 0 513M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
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tmpfs tmpfs 103M 0 103M 0% /run/user/0
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```
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重启虚拟机，再次登录，并执行命令 **df -hT** 已确定结果
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